What type of changes in the external environment could affect leadership and management styles?

Economic and legal changes are significant factors in the external environment that can impact leadership and management styles. Economic conditions, such as a recession or boom, influence how leaders make decisions regarding resource allocation, strategic planning, and employee management. During economic downturns, leaders may adopt more cautious and cost-effective management styles to ensure sustainability, whereas in a thriving economy, they may lean towards more innovative and risk-taking approaches.

Legal changes, such as new regulations or compliance requirements, also necessitate adjustments in leadership and management styles. For example, if laws regarding employee rights or workplace safety evolve, leaders may need to ensure that their management practices align with these regulations, which could involve adopting a more participative or ethical leadership style to foster transparency and maintain legal compliance.

The other options presented do not encompass the broad external factors that influence management. Social changes might impact organizations but are usually part of a larger context that includes economic elements. Internal changes refer to shifts within the organization itself, which do not directly pertain to leadership styles shaped by external pressures. Personality shifts relate to individual characteristics that may affect management style but do not represent external environmental changes. Technological changes are vital but are only one subset of broader economic and legal changes affecting leadership.